Conflict in Papua and The Failure of Indonesia Government

Conflict in Papua and The Failure of Indonesia Government

By David Raja Marpaung S.IP M.Def

Conflict in Papua began in 1965, when the establishment of the Free Papua Organization (OPM) which is a form of denial of entry as part of Papua in the Republic of Indonesia. This movement aims to separate the West Paua apart from Indonesia. OPM initially just trying to fly the Morning Star flag, but as the persecution they were getting, then fight through military means is not terhindakarkan.

Now the problem Papaua getting worse. rRcently, six people died after the forced dissolution of the Papuan People's Congress III, held the National Task Team for West Papuan People (TKNRPB) in the field Zacchaeus, Waena, Jayapura on 20 October 2011.

A. Problem Background 

   Following a review of the Office for Justice and peace are carried Diocese of Jayapura, there are three elements that contribute underlying factual issues in Papua today:

1. A complex of experience during the last decades, commonly called "Memoria Passionist" the collective, or "memory of suffering countrymen". The experiences of suffering stem from:a. applied at the discretion of the Government of Indonesia building for 38 years.b. dozens of human rights abuses in Papua during the Papua integrated into the Republic of Indonesia.c. presence and behavior of the armed forces in this region are typically characterized an arrogant and arbitrary power play.

2. The events during the history of Papuans as:a. Manumission program initiated by the Government of the Netherlands on December 1, 1961, by [1] raised the local community representatives to be 50% of the total members of Nieuw Guinea Raad (DPR), [2] Morning Star flag flying side by side with the Dutch flag, and [ 3] socialize the national anthem "O my land of Papua".b. Determination of "New York Agreement" (HIS) in 1962, a transitional basis Nederlands Nieuw Guinea from the Dutch government power to the power of the government of Indonesia.This basic agreement set without taking part by the Papuans themselves in the negotiations.c. Act of Free Choice (Choice) in 1969, which is not properly implemented because accompanied by intimidation, coercion, persecution, and to interpret unilaterally the content requirements as set forth in HIS implementation, until the law blameless.
3. Community during this protest that was never heard or taken seriously by those in power. Papuans have never felt himself recognized the dignity and identity as a true human being.b. Papuans have never felt self-recognized and protected as a citizen of Indonesia fully with all the rights and obligations as citizens, as outlined in paragraph 4 of the opening of the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945)

Recently, the Vice Chairman of Commission I of TB Hasanuddin said there are four fundamental problems that sparked turmoil in Papua. First, there still exists differences in perceptions of Papua's integration problems in the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). According to him, the government considers the issue of Papua has been final since the Act of Free Choice (Choice) 1969. Second, the marginalization of indigenous Papuans.Unfortunately, Hasanuddin did not specify the form of marginalization. Third, there are still human rights violations continue to occur despite entering the era of reform. Fourth, the issue of special autonomy (Autonomy) is considered to be the people of Papua off the beaten path. Hasanuddin argue all the problems are reflected in everyday life.

The same thing also stated by Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Team Study on Papua. LIPI conducted a study specifically to find the cause why the continuing violence in Papua. The results then poured in the World Map of Papua.The first problem is occurring against the marginalization of Papuans. Consequently, there is an imbalance experienced by the people of Papua in the relationship with the central region.Second, the failure of development that can be seen from the inequality of development. Third, the issue of political status of Papua. The fourth factor is the problem of violation of Human Rights (Human Rights)

B. Government mistakes in the conflict in Papua
The main mistake of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia is not able to guarantee the security of citizens and more put the interests of foreigners. Papua is a region that is going to mine gold, copper, nickel, platinum, iron sand, coal, forest products, until the very rare uranium mines in the world. Most of the wealth of the mine was exploited by foreign companies such as PT Freeport McMoran IndonesiaBut ironically, the number of poor people in Papua is very high.Based on data from the Central Bureau, total poor people in the province of West Papua to March 2010 reached 256,250 people or 34.88 percent of the total population. 
Second, the use of security enforcement for violence and killing those suspected of being a separatist party. According to Amnesty International, since 1977, the conflict in Papua has killed 100 thousand people. In October 2011 alone, the Papua conflict has killed as many as 14 people. Military approach should be the last way in finding solutions to problems in Papua. This will increasingly menguntukan OPM which will easily raise the issue of human rights to gain international support. Whatever the reason violence must be stopped.
Third, the omission of a corrupt bureaucracy. In 2011, the number of corruption cases in Papua and West Papua that are currently handled the Papua High Court reached 142 cases. the defendants of corruption cases in Papua and West Papua, most dominated by public officials such as Government officials and politicians in the Parliament of Papua, West Papua's parliament and Regency / City in kabupate / cities in Papua and West Papua. Although already known since a long time, but the number of corruption cases in Papua, instead of decreasing, but increasing fertility. This indicates pembiaranyang central government.
Fourth, the existence of engineering in special autonomy funds.This is done systematically so that the development in Papua will not prosper. Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) to audit related investigative special autonomy fund (Autonomy) in Papua and West Papua. Result, the BPK found 218 cases of irregularities which led to the loss region, with value  more than 281 billion dollars. But ironically, the government and Parliament insisted to disburse funds of the special autonomy to Papua, although found many irregularities.


Fifth, discrimination is a serious problem in Papua. For years only a few indigenous Papuans who sit in government. Moreover, the government controlled by the newcomers. So that the people of Papua did not become masters in their own land. Data compiled by the Franciscan International show, in 2004 as much as 80 percent of indigenous Papuans live in poverty. In addition, as much as 36.1 percent of residents in the area do not have access to health facilities. Conditions exacerbated by the increasing exploitation of natural resources in Papua, which is not directly proportional to the increase in the welfare of the Papuan people.Broadly speaking, the form of racial discrimination that occurred in Papua occurred in 4 (four) things: in the case of Land Confiscation/natural resources, Policy Development, Political Imagery and Discrimination as State Regulations.