Yeonpyeong Conflict and Its Impact on Security Stability of Korean Peninsula

By David Raja Marpaung

      The two Korean conflict, namely North Korea and South Korea because of a claim of ownership that occurred on Yeonpyeong island territories occurred around the end of last year (end of 2010). But this conflict is not only triggered by territorial claims issues, further conflict also triggered because of the joint military exercise between South Korea and the U.S. in the Yellow Sea.

Yeonpyeong issue is a matter of history the Cold War legacy. When the Korean War end with the signing of   Korean Armistice Agreement, August, 1953. The problem is, that the boundary line by the U.S. and South Korea it is called de ¬ with the name of the Northern Limit Line (Northern Limit Line) is very close to land with area separating North and island in the waters with the island of North Korea. North Korea since the Korean War offer line in the West Sea border is more neutral, snaking diagonally across the snaking up the lines 38 and 37 North latitude . However, the request does not get a serious response from the South Korean side.

The territorial issues more sharply when South Korea held military exercises with the U.S. coalition in the region nearest the Yellow Sea. This problem gets worse when North Korea launched a missile attack that bombarded the island of Yeonpyeong in late 2010. Given these events, security and stability of East Asia re-experience shock and lead to open conflict between the two Koreas. Of course the two Korean conflict will affect the strategic environment of the countries in East Asia such as China, Japan, and to a certain degree that is Taiwan.

Two Korean crisis and the action of the international community and the U.S.

Of the events above, of course the interesting question is, why there is no significant action against Yeonpyeong incident? Although a variety of responses in the form of criticism has attended various international community comment color in various international media. At least there are two actions that are common in the international community when there is a country that violates international norms. First, the economic embargo and military. 

This is of course already implemented under President Bush, that North Korea felt a significant impact on the economy. North Korea's economy collapsed, making this country have no choice, other than nuclear and missile tests. North Korea exports only U.S. 1.5 billion. This number is very far compared to South Korea's exports reached U.S. $ 326 billion per year. Here is the sum of exports and imports of North Korea. In addition to the decline of the North Korean economy, the issue of Yeonpyeong become rigid because South Korea is not interested in negotiating. This is because the leaders of both countries of North Korea Kim Jong Il and South Korean Lee Myung Bak did not want to open up a dialogue.

Radicalism and Threat to National Security

Radicalism and Threat to National Security

By David Raja Marpaung

The high level of poverty cause a problem to the existence of the poor. So easy for them fall into a variety of adverse actions and disobeying the law. Motor Gank for example, at specific level, up to the forums to violent groups just to show an existence.

When that happens and the people gathered in the lower level of a particular group and tend to perform an action that is anarchic, it is very difficult for authorities to control various anarchist activities undertaken by these groups. Surely this anarchy to be a threat to stability and national security.

At least there are some events radicalism and anarchism mass media spotlight in recent months; events in Ampera mass anarchism (in front of the South Jakarta District Court), and the violence that occurred in Jakarta undertaken Radical groups such as community organizations such as FBR and FPI. In 2007, there were 10 acts of violence by FPI. In 2008 there were 8 acts of violence by FPI and FBR. In 2009, there were 40 actions by FPI, FBR and Barisan Youth Betawi and in 2010 there were 49 actions by FPI. The large number of violent anarchism is an indicator of why potentially be a threat to national security.

Solution offer

Wide mapping of problems then we can conclude that in general, the problem that occurs is the marginalization of certain groups in the context of economic, social, legal and political.Marginalization problem is closely related to the issue of 'access', meaning that there are problems in the limited access which then restrict certain groups to participate in the dynamic economic, social, legal and political. Therefore, the primary solution should be emphasized by the government is reducing the form of limited access to economic, social, legal and political.

Access limitations can be overcome for example by increasing the number of jobs, improve the quantity and quality of social facilities as a means of actualizing the community, improving the legal services that improve accountability and justice as well as the articulation of political channels that exist.

As a closing note, the rampant growth of the movement and radical groups in Indonesia also influenced by the kind of 'neglect' of the state apparatus so that there is the impression that their existence is socially normal. Is something wrong if the state apparatus, especially the law enforcement keep a distance from the radical group's activities for fear of being labeled as violators of democracy and freedom of association. Conversely, every law enforcement officers should be able to act decisively in the action against the radical groups in accordance with applicable law corridor because after all, democracy and freedom in the organization in Indonesia is currently subject to the rule of law that is not infiltrated by anarchism and violence.

The Urgency of Protocol to Legislative 

By David Raja Marpaung

       The word comes from the Greek Protocol Protos: which means "the first", and "Kolla", which means glue or adhesive. As a whole, the protocol can be interpreted as the first piece of the order or decision of the king to the people.

In the Encyclopedia Britannica, 1962, the definition of the protocol is as:

"Protocol is a ceremonial body of rules to be observed in all official written or personal intercourse between the different heads of states or their Ministers, it lays down the styles and titles of states or their Ministers and indicates the forms and customary courtesies to be observed in all international acts "

(A protocol is a set of ceremonial rules in all official activities organized written and practiced, which includes the forms of respect for the country, as head of state or minister positions commonly found in all activities between nations)

Protocol definitions used in all process state is also contained in the legislation or law in Indonesia. Under Law No. 9 of 2010 Concerning Protocol, in Article 1, paragraph 1; Protocol is a series of activities related to the rules of the formal state occasion or event which includes Tata place, Tata Ceremony, and Tata Respect as a tribute to someone according to the position and / or position in the state, government, or society.

The existence of this protocol sendriri rule is not without meaning. Protocol turned out to have a purpose, among others:

a) paying tribute to State Officials, Government Officials, representatives of foreign countries and / or international organizations, as well as Community Leader Specific, and / or guests in the State in accordance with the position of the state, government, and society;

b) provide guidelines for the implementation of a program to run orderly, neat, smooth, and regular in accordance with the applicable rules and customs, both nationally and internationally, and

c) create good relations between nations in the governance of the association.

Once the importance of protocol problems, so this should be emphasized in the explanation of the Act Protocol; explained the importance or urgency of the protocol that the State respect the position of the State Officials, Government Officials, representatives of foreign countries and / or international organizations, and community leaders with Tata Specific regulation of Protocol . Protocol settings is needed to adjust to the dynamics of a growing and developing in the state system, culture, and traditions of the nation.

At the operational level, the importance of a protocol are:

1. Also determine the creation of atmosphere / climate that affect the success of a business.

2. Creating the association are closer to each other and can be accepted by all parties, although it contains elements that restrict personal movement.

3. Creation of a solemn ceremony, orderly, and well

4. The creation of the protection.

5. Creation of order and security in performing their duties.

With the development tekini, the protocols in the world in general has a duty commonly encountered are:

1. Compile a list with all levels.

2. Compile / make invitations

3. Regulate the location and completeness of the event / ceremony.

4. Arrange events

5. Prepare and complete event / ceremony

6. Ensuring a comfortable atmosphere / place for the invited

7. Dividing the task.

Protocols and Rights of State Officials

The protocol is important because it involves the imaging and rights owned by the person who held the position of either the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Here is seen the degree to which the person is respected or not, important or not important is determined by the protocol. For example, when members of Parliament traveling overseas for a working visit, the state attended a welcome member of the Indonesian parliament through protocol events in each event to nationality.

Thus, in a state occasion or formal event, state officials, government officials who do not earn respect and appropriate treatment protocol is a violation of his position on charges of "abuse of office".

In the world of protocol, known what obless Nobless name, it means that every nobleman (in the present state officials or government officials), it is obliged to uphold the commitment that all of it is set in great detail in the protocol, which means sitting arranged, how talk and so on.

In Law No. 9 of 2010, listed in Article 9 that the chairman, vice chairman, and a member of the legislature has the right to place in the Event Planning and Events Official State in the Capital of the Republic of Indonesia. So that each member of the MPR, DPR, DPD and should have a prominent place in every state occasion and formal ceremony was held in the Republic of Indonesia.

To implement the protocol field, in Indonesia, each state institutions such as the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the House of Representatives (DPR), and the Regional Representative Council (DPD) has a Head of Protocol. In areas with a combined protocol Bureau of Public Relations.

Based on the above; important role in the activities of organizations such as the protocol legislature must be addressed and managed professionally. Knowledge of protocol to be very important because it is essentially a protocol service activities socially appropriate norms and rules of both national and international, so as to achieve the satisfaction of all parties.

 Pentingnya Potokol di Lingkungan Legislatif

Oleh David Raja Marpaung[1]

Kata Protokol berasal dari Bahasa Yunani Protos:  yang berarti “yang pertama”, dan “Kolla”, yang bermakna  lem atau perekat. Secara utuh, protokol dapat diartikan sebagai lembaran pertama dari perintah atau keputusan raja kepada rakyatnya.

Dalam Encyclopedia Britannica 1962, definisi protokol adalah sebagai berikut:

“Protokol is a body of ceremonial rules to be observed in all written or personal official intercourse between the heads of different states or their ministers, it lays down the styles and titles of states or their ministers and indicates the forms and customary courtesies to be observed in all international acts”

            (Protokol adalah serangkaian aturan-aturan keupacaraan dalam segala kegiatan resmi yang diatur secara  tertulis maupun dipraktekan, yang meliputi bentuk-bentuk penghormatan terhadap negara, jabatan kepala negara atau jabatan menteri yang lazim dijumpai dalam seluruh kegiatan antar bangsa)

           

Definisi protokol yang dipakai di dalam segala proses kenegaraan juga terdapat dalam perundangan atau hukum di Indonesia. Berdasarkan UU Nomor 9 Tahun 2010 Tentang Keprotokolan, dalam Pasal 1 ayat 1;   Keprotokolan adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan aturan dalam acara kenegaraan atau acara resmi yang meliputi Tata Tempat, Tata Upacara, dan Tata Penghormatan sebagai bentuk penghormatan kepada seseorang sesuai dengan jabatan dan/atau kedudukannya dalam negara, pemerintahan, atau masyarakat.

Keberadaan aturan protokol ini sendriri bukannya tanpa makna. Protokol ternyata memiliki tujuan yang antara  lain :

a)    memberikan penghormatan kepada Pejabat Negara, Pejabat Pemerintahan, perwakilan Negara asing dan/atau organisasi internasional, serta Tokoh Masyarakat Tertentu, dan/atau Tamu Negara sesuai dengan kedudukan dalam negara, pemerintahan, dan masyarakat;

b)    memberikan pedoman penyelenggaraan suatu acara agar berjalan tertib, rapi, lancar, dan teratur sesuai dengan ketentuan dan kebiasaan yang berlaku, baik secara nasional maupun internasional; dan

c)    menciptakan hubungan baik dalam tata pergaulan antarbangsa.

Begitu pentingnya masalah protokol, sehingga hal ini harus ditekankan dalam penjelasan UU Keprotokolan; dijelaskan pentingnya atau urgensi dari keprotokolan bahwa Negara menghormati kedudukan para Pejabat Negara, Pejabat Pemerintahan, perwakilan negara asing dan/atau organisasi internasional, serta Tokoh Masyarakat Tertentu dengan Tata Pengaturan mengenai Keprotokolan. Pengaturan Keprotokolan tersebut perlu disesuaikan dengan dinamika yang tumbuh dan berkembang dalam sistem ketatanegaraan, budaya, dan tradisi bangsa.

Di dalam level operasional, pentingnya suatu protokol adalah:

1. Ikut menentukan terciptanya suasana/iklim yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan suatu usaha.
2. Menciptakan tata pergaulan yang mendekatkan satu sama lain dan dapat diterima oleh semua pihak, walaupun mengandung unsur-unsur yang membatasi gerak pribadi.
3. Terciptanya suatu upacara yang khidmat, tertib, dan lancar
4. Terciptanya pemberian perlindungan.
5. Terciptanya ketertiban dan rasa aman dalam menjalankan tugas.

Dengan perkembangan tekini, maka protokol di seluruh dunia secara umum di memiliki tugas yang biasa ditemui adalah:

1.    Menyusun daftar tamu dengan segala tingkatannya.

2.    Menyusun/membuat undangan

3.    Mengatur lokasi dan kelengkapan acara/upacara.

4.     Menyusun acara

5.    Menyiapkan lokasi dan kelengkapan acara/upacara

6.    Mengusahakan kenyamanan suasana/tempat bagi yang diundang

7.    Membagi tugas.

Protokol dan Hak Pejabat Negara

Protokol itu memang penting karena menyangkut pencitraan dan hak yang dimiliki pada seseorang yang menjabat posisi baik lembaga eksekutif, legislatif, maupun yudikatif. Disinilah terlihat tingkat dimana orang itu dihormati atau tidak, penting atau tidak pentingnya ditentukan oleh protokol. Misalnya ketika anggota DPR berkunjung ke luar negeri untuk kunjungan kerja, negara yang didatangi menyambut anggota parlemen dari Indonesia melalui acara keprotokolan dalam setiap acara ke negaraan.

Dengan demikian, Dalam suatu acara kenegaraan atau acara resmi, pejabat negara, pejabat pemerintah yang tidak memperoleh penghormatan dan perlakuan protokol sesuai kedudukannya adalah merupakan pelanggaran dengan tuduhan “pelecehan jabatan”.

Dalam dunia protokol, dikenal apa yang namanya nobless obless, itu artinya bahwa setiap bangsawan (dalam kekinian pejabat negara atau pejabat pemerintahan), itu berkewajiban menjunjung tinggi komitmen yang semuanya itu diatur dengan sangat detil didalam protokol, dimana cara duduk saja diatur sedemikian rupa, cara bicara dan sebagainya.

Di dalam UU Nomor 9 tahun 2010, dalam pasal 9 tercantum bahwa ketua, wakil ketua, dan juga anggota lembaga legislatif memiliki hak dalam Tata Tempat dalam Acara Kenegaraan dan Acara Resmi di Ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia. Sehingga setiap anggota MPR, DPR, dan DPD harus memiliki tempat terhormat dalam setiap acara kenegaraan dan acara resmi yang diadakan di Republik Indonesia.

Untuk melaksanakan bidang keprotokolan, di Indonesia, masing-masing lembaga tinggi negara seperti Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR), Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) memiliki Kepala Biro Protokol. Di daerah-daerah biro protokol digabung dengan Biro Humas.  

Berdasarkan uraian di atas; pentingnya peranan  keprotokolan dalam aktifitas organisasi seperti lembaga legislatif harus mendapat  perhatian dan dikelola secara profesional. Pengetahuan keprotokolan menjadi amat penting karena pada hakekatnya keprotokolan merupakan kegiatan pelayanan sesuai norma dan kaidah pergaulan nasional maupun internasional, sehingga dapat tercapai kepuasan semua pihak.

---

[1] Staff Ahli Pimpinan Komisi I DPR RI ( Peratahanan, Intelijen, Hubungan Luar Negeri, Informasi dan Teknologi Komunikasi)