Study of Terrorism

Study of Terrorism

By: David Raja Marpaung S.IP M.Def

A. The definition of terrorism.

1. According to the UN Convention in 1937, all forms of terrorism are criminal acts directed against the state with the intention of creating a form of terror against specific people or groups of people or society at large.

2. U.S. Department of Defense in 1990. Terrorism is the unlawful act or acts that contains threats of violence or coercion against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies for the purpose of political, religious or ideological.

B. Terrorism motivation.

Terrorists inspired by different motives. Motivation of terrorism can be classified into three categories: rational, psychology and culture can then be translated into broader:

1. Freeing the country. Fighters - Palestinian militants on 15 November 1988 it proclaimed independence in Algeria. In achieving these objectives PLO eventually divided into two fronts, namely front Intifada and the radical militant movement (Hamas). For the state of Israel, the PLO however shape classified as a terrorist group

2. Separating themselves from the legitimate government (separatists). IRA (Irish Republica Army) in any of the activities labeled as terrorists by the British government. . In Indonesia it had occurred in Aceh, Papua, and is still going on.

3. In protest the prevailing social system. Italian Red Brigades, which aimed to liberate Italy from the capitalists multinasionalis, by the Italian government put in a terrorist group. In Indonesia, this is done by the radical Islamic group or isla, hardliners dissatisfied with the social system, and especially the capitalist economic system that developed in Indonesia.

4. Get rid of the enemies of political enemies. Widely used Kadafi to get rid of political opponents by mengirirnkan DeadSquad to kill. The most prominent attempt to kill Libyan bekasPM A. Hamid Bakhoush in Egypt using pembunuhpembunuhbayarandari Europe. In Indonesia President Yudhoyono himself has commented that he is a terrorist target or targets.

C. Terrorism purpose.

The goal of terrorists can be divided into long-term goals and short-term goals.

Short-term goals.

1. Gaining recognition from local, national and internationally for his battle.

2. Triggering the government's reaction, over-reaction and repressive measures that could lead to unrest in society.

3. Disrupt, undermine and embarrass the government, military or other security forces.

4. Showed no's government was able to protect and secure its citizens.

5. Prevent or hinder the decision of the executive or the legislature.

6. Satisfactory or revenge.

Long-Term Goals

1. Cause dramatic changes in the government such as revolution, civil war or a war between nations.

2. Creating favorable conditions for the terrorists during the guerrilla war.

3. Influence policy decision makers both locally, nationally or internationally.

4. Obtain political recognition as a legal entity to represent an ethnic or national group.

D. Recruitment

1. Based Recruitment Agency

First, the safest way, they recruit new members from the seeds of quality in the educational institutions of their own, such as boarding schools or even just study-study routine.

To the candidates in question, a special team appointed will hold briefing process systematically. In this process, attention is drawn more to the indoctrination.

In the span of time planned, time will come prepared candidates that were initiated or taken the oath of allegiance. They pledged to listen and obey their leaders. They also vowed not to betray to their organization, whatever the situation demands.

They will be assigned in units of small cells effectively. Therefore, their confidentiality is assured. When the cells were destroyed by the government authorities, the situation will not harm other cells.

Each cell members responsible only to the head of the cell. Not to the supreme leader or imam them, so that the motion can still continue their struggle to walk and to regenerate.

2. Based Recruitment of Non-Agency

Second, a practical and cost-effective and energy, they recruit new members from the community around them.

In this way, it takes no training or formation-physical formation. A candidate can be recruited to immediately assigned, any risk that happening. Recruitment point lies in the recruiting efforts of persuasion.

The process starts from the recruitment potential members. The number of candidates, usually, not much. Five people have already said too much. Now the terrorist group targets youth even student groups as an operator in the field.

E. Funding

Robbery.

Operations that are carried out by terrorist groups is very expensive. To fund their terrorist activities rob a bank or armored car carrying large amounts of money. Bank robbery can also be used as a test for new personnel training program.

Extortion

Terrorists often use hijacking operations, particularly aircraft for ransom to free the hostages.

Another way is to kidnap important people or families to obtain large amounts of ransom money.

Hawalla System or fictitious trading

Terrorist groups do fictitious trading system or hawalla system to launder the proceeds of crime, or transfer money from a sponsor or donor.

For example, a terrorist group in Indonesia exporting trashy recognized as a super-advanced technology, and are sold with a very high into the middle east which is the main financier of terrorist movements.