The Urgency of Minimum Essential Force Program
By David Raja Marpaung
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has set a revitalization program and military modernization called Minimum Essential Force (MEF) or minimum posture of defense force in 2009. This program runs in three phases. The first phase was in 2009 to 2014 in the second phase from 2015 to 2019, and the last phase in 2020-2024. With the change of government this year, it will be a question and widely reported in both the national and international environment; whether this MEF program will be continued? This becomes very crucial due to the condition of military weapons system that has not been there rejuvenation, as well as the balance of military power with neighboring countries are more distant shot of a military force, coupled with the potential for conflict over the control of the South China Sea region.
MEF is the Minimum Strength
From the name alone program called Minimum Essential Force or posture / minimum defense force, this means that the result of the modernization of defense equipment is the minimum force necessary to keep the unity of the Republic of Indonesia. One example is the minimum, to maintain the strength of combat aircraft ideally eastern Indonesia is one kuadron main class fighter, and two squadrons of the first class. In terms; Eastern Indonesia must be guarded by a squadron of Sukhoi SU-30 fighter-class and two squadrons of F-16. But now the focus of the new government would equip a squadron of Sukhoi in Makassar.
Another example is, to protect the sea area of Indonesia that reaches 3.28701 million km2, it is ideally required 12 pieces submarines. But the military now has only two German-made submarines in 1981 namely KRI KRI Cakra Nangalla 401 and 402, and are waiting for a new three-class submarines Changbogo made in Korea. For the army, it is common knowledge that concentrated alutsistanya very poor condition. Weapons technology still relies on the ability of first-generation fighter that still rely on human sebgai main strength. Whereas in developed countries and neighbors such as Malaysia and Singapore, Army combat power they have powers that rely on third-generation warfare weapons technology and Information technology. Even for Singapore, they had reached the army for war generation technology keempa, ie, asymmetric warfare and the use of non-linear entire infrastructure and weapons systems, which aimed to destroy the will to fight the enemy
Thus, even if the target is achieved MEF modernization, it can be said of our military forces actually still within the region to secure the rule of course. It is linear with the statement that the President several times stated that the defensive strength of the Indonesian military or defense, and not offensive or attack.
Budget priorities
Why is the government declared a minimum? This is due to limited funds and also priorities in the government's development program. Development in the defense sector in the development with very different economic sectors, as well as health. Military construction basically not directly perceived by society, but actually price of a sovereignty and security of the invasion, spying, sabotage, or actual alien invasion is very expensive.
This is very different from the field of economic development that can be directly perceived by the community, for example with employment, increase income, up to the amount of savings that continues to grow. So also in the health sector are highly visible such as the construction of hospitals and health centers, provision of medical equipment is modern, up to the existence of professional doctors to provide maximum health care for Indonesia.
However the real budget development priorities can not be easily simplified. Must be seen that the long-term benefits to be received, as well as recognition as a sovereign state that is not paid.
When viewed from its budget, the Indonesian defense budget is currently at $ 83 trillion is only about 0.8 to 0.9 percent of total gross domestic product. And ideally, the defense budget in developed countries is in the range of 2 percent of GDP. Compare this with Singapore's defense budget, which reached 3.3 percent of GDP.
The low defense budgets led to efforts to achieve MEF increasingly difficult. In fact, if MEF really want to happen then, ideal conditions the development of Indonesia's defense budget in the next five years is expected to range between 3-4 percent of GDP.
Benefits of MEF
Is ultimately, all Indonesian people will ask; whether the benefits of the modernization program of defense equipment with the funds of such magnitude in a period of 15 years. Is that so much money is just to show off the power only, or are there more benefits to be received.
The first benefit is the empowerment of military modernization and border management, as well as the outermost small islands. Thus there is no longer annexation by neighboring countries, theft of marine resources by foreign fishermen, as well as the existence of sovereignty in outer lines of our oceans.
Both benefits are independence of defense equipment. Some types of defense equipment procurement obligates the transfer of technology (Transfer of Technology / ToT), or also a joint production (Join Productions). The Government through the Ministry of Defense to encourage the growth of domestic industry, especially the defense industry, in collaboration with several developed countries are planning to make submarines, surface ships, and certain modern fighter aircraft. Thus in the future, Indonesia can maintain and produce the defense equipment by self. This has been done by several defense industry companies, including PT Pindad, PT Air Indonesia, and PT PAL
Third is the economic development benefits of defense. Another goal of the program is Indonesian MEF not only be consumers of the tools of war, but it will be the producers of these weapons. With the development of strategic industries in the country, then this will provide employment and generate income for the country. Indoenesia also be known as a producer of technology, rather than simply as a recipient of foreign technology alone.
Looking at the existing benefits, it turns out in the end with a good management of the defense budget, will drive the wheels The real economy of Indonesia. Reflecting the developed countries like USA and UK, they actually get a huge foreign exchange from selling weapons and defense technology to other countries.
Defense Analysis is providing the analysis about the contemporary development of defense world. The Analysis that presented in here are consist of global, regional and national Indonesia. Defense Analysis also offering consultancy services and defense application including policy analysis and recommendation, monitoring and evaluation, security survey etc. Further Information please contact us at defenseanalysis@gmail.com or davidrajamarpaung@gmail.com.
Tuesday, August 19, 2014
Pentingnya Kelanjutan MEF di Masa Mendatang
Pentingnya Kelanjutan MEF di Masa Mendatang
Oleh
David Raja Marpaung[1]
Pemerintahan Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono telah menetapkan program revitalisasi dan modenisasi TNI yang bernama
Minimum Essential Force (MEF) atau postur atau kekuatan pertahanan mimimum pada
tahun 2009. Program ini berjalan pada tiga fase. Fase pertama ialah pada tahun
2009 hingga 2014. Fase kedua pada 2015-2019, dan fase terakhir pada 2020-2024.
Dengan pergantian pemerintahan pada tahun ini, maka akan menjadi pertanyaan dan
sorotan banyak pihak baik di lingkungan nasional maupun internasional; apakah
program MEF ini akan dilanjutkan? Hal ini menjadi sangat krusial mengingat
kondisi alutsista TNI yang sudah lama tidak ada peremajaan, serta perimbangan
dengan kekuatan militer negara-negara tetangga yang semakin jauh melesat dari
kekuatan TNI, ditambah dengan potensi konflik atas penguasaan wilayah Laut Cina Selatan.
MEF adalah Kekuatan Minimum
Dari nama programnya saja yang
bernama Minimum Essential Force atau Postur/kekuatan pertahanan minimum, ini
berarti bahwa hasil dari modernisasi alutsista tersebut ialah kekuatan minimum
yang diperlukan untuk menjaga kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
Salah satu contoh minimum ialah, kekuatan
pesawat tempur untuk menjaga wilayah Indonesia Timur idealnya adalah satu kuadron pesawat tempur kelas
utama, dan dua skuadron kelas pertama. Dalam artian; Indonesia Timur harus
dijaga oleh satu skuadron pesawat tempur kelas Sukhoi SU 30 dan dua skuadron
F-16. Namun fokus pemerintah kini baru akan melengkapi satu skuadron sukhoi di
Makassar.
Contoh lainnya adalah, untuk melindungi luas wilayah laut Indonesia yang mencapai 3.287.010 km2,
maka idealnya diperlukan 12 buah kapal selam. Namun kini TNI hanya memilki dua
kapal selam buatan jerman tahun 1981 yakni KRI Cakra 401 dan KRI Nangalla 402 ,
dan tengah menanti tiga kapal selam baru kelas Changbogo buatan Korea.
Untuk angkatan darat, sudah mnjadi
rahasia umum bahwa kondisi alutsistanya sangat memprihatinkan. Teknologi
senjatanya masih mengandalkan kemampuan tempur generasi pertama yang masih
mengandalkan manusia sebgai kekuatan utama. Padahal di negara maju dan tetangga
seperti Malaysia dan Singapura, kekuatan tempur Angkatan Darat mereka sudah
kekuatan peperangan generasi ketiga yang mengandalkan teknologi senjata dan
teknologi Informatika. Bahkan khusus untuk Singapura, tentara mereka sudah mencapai teknologi untuk peperangan
generasi keempa, yakni peperangan
asimetris dan non-linier yang menggunakan seluruh sarana prasarana dan sistem
senjata, yang ditujukan untuk menghancurkan kemauan bertempur musuh
Dengan demikian, walaupun target
modernisasi MEF tercapai, dapat dikatakan kekuatan militer kita sesungguhnya
masih dalam batas untuk mengamankan kedaulatan wilayah saja. Hal ini linear
dengan pernyataan Presiden SBY yang beberapa kali menyatakan bahwa kekuatan
militer Indonesia bersifat defensive atau
bertahan, dan bukannya offensive atau
menyerang.
Prioritas Anggaran
Mengapa pemerintah menyatakan
minimum? Hal ini dikarenakan keterbatasan dana dan juga prioritas dalam program
pembangunan pemerintah. Pembangunan di sector pertahanan sangat berbeda denagn
pembangunan di sektor ekonomi, dan juga kesehatan. Pembangunan TNI pada
dasarnya tidak dirasakan langsung manfaatnya oleh masyarakat, namun seungguhnya
harga dari sebuah kedaulatan dan rasa aman dari invasi, siponase, sabotase,
atau invasi asing sesungguhnya sangatlah mahal.
Hal ini sangat berbeda dengan
pembangunan pada bidang ekonomi yang bisa langsung dirasakan oleh masyarakat,
misalnya dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja, peningkatan penghasilan, hingga jumlah tabungan yang terus bertambah. Begitu juga
di sektor kesehatan yang sangat kasat mata seperti pembangunan rumah sakit dan
puskesmas, penyediaan alat-alat kesehatan yang modern, hingga adanya tenaga
dokter yang professional untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan maksimum bagi
Indonesia.
Namun sesungguhnya prioritas
pembangunan anggaran tidak dapat disederhanakan secara mudah. Harus dapat
dilihat bahwa manfaat jangka panjang yang akan diterima, serta pengakuan
sebagai sebuah negara yang berdaulat yang tidak terbayarkan.
Bila dilihat dari anggarannya, maka
anggaran pertahanan Indonesia saat ini yakni Rp 83 triliun hanyalah sekitar 0,8
hingga 0,9 persen dari total produk domestik bruto. Padahal idealnya, anggaran
pertahanan di negara-negara maju ialah
pada kisaran 2 persen dari PDB. Bandingkan dengan anggaran pertahan Singapura
yang mencapai 3,3 persen dari PDB.
Rendahnya anggaran pertahanan
menyebabkan upaya pencapaian MEF semakin sulit. Bahkan sesungguhnya apabila MEF
benar-benar mau terwujud maka, kondisi ideal anggaran pembangunan pertahanan Indonesia dalam periode lima
tahun kedepan diharapkan berkisar antara 3–4 persen dari PDB.
Manfaat MEF
Pada akhinya, semua rakyat Indonesia akan bertanya; apakah
manfaat dari program modernisasi alutsista dengan dana yang sedemikian besarnya
dalam kurun waktu 15 tahun. Apakah dana yang sedemikian besar tersebut hanya
untuk pamer kekuatan saja, atau adakah manfaat lebih yang akan diterima.
Manfaat
pertama dari modernisasi TNI ialah pemberdayaan dan pengelolaan perbatasan,
serta pulau-pulau kecil terluar. Dengan
demikian tidak ada lagi pencaplokan wilayah oleh negara tetangga, pencurian kekayaan laut oleh nelayan
asing, serta eksistensi kedaulatan di garis-garis terluar laut kita.
Manfaat
Kedua ialah kemandirian alutsista. Pengadaan beberapa jenis alutsista
mewajibakan adanya alih teknologi (Transfer of Technology/ToT),
atau juga produksi bersama (Join Production). Pemerintah melalui Kemhan mendorong tumbuhnya
industri dalam negeri, terutama industri pertahanan, bekerjasama dengan
beberapa negara maju berencana membuat kapal selam, kapal permukaan tertentu
dan pesawat tempur modern. Dengan demikian di masa depan, Indonesia dapat
merawat dan memproduksi alutsisnya sendiri. Hal ini sudah dilakukan oleh
beberapa perusahaan industry pertahanan, antara lain PT Pindad, PT Dirgantara
Indonesia, dan PT PAL
Manfaat
Ketiga ialah pembangunan ekonomi pertahanan. Tujuan lain dari program MEF
adalah Indonesia tidak hanya menjadi konsumen dari alat-alat perang, namun akan
menjadi produsen dari senjata-senjata tersebut.
Dengan pembangunan industri strategis dalam negeri, maka hal ini akan menyerap
tenaga kerja dan menghasilkan devisa bagi negara. Indoenesia juga akan dikenal
sebagai negara penghasil teknologi, dan bukannya hanya sebagai penerima
teknologi asing saja.
Melihat
manfaat yang ada, ternyata pada akhirnya pengeloaan anggaran pertahanan dengan
baik, sesunggunya akan menggerakkan roda ekonomi Indonesia. Berkaca dari negara-negara
maju seperti Amerika Serikat dan Inggris, mereka justru mendapatkan devisa yang
besar dari menjual senjata dan teknologi pertahanan pada negara lainnya.
[1]
Penulis adalah Co-Leader pada Center for Defense and Security Management, juga
pengajar pada Lasalle College International. Dapat dihubungi di
email:davidrajamarpaung@gmail.com
Friday, May 23, 2014
Problem of "Old" 24 F16 Jetfighter
Problem of "Old" 24 F16 Jetfighter
by David Raja Marpaung
A total of 8 of 24 F-16 C (single seater) block grant U.S. 25 will arrive in Indonesia in 2014. Aircraft is being upgraded at the depot aircraft maintenance Air Force, 309th Maintenance Wing at Hill Airforce Base, Utah . The government chose 24 F-16 former Air National Guard instead of buying 6 new aircraft, with an excuse to cover a minimum number of aircraft required. 16 aircraft that would fill a squadron (16 aircraft) F-16 in Pekanbaru and 8 in Madiun with the rest of the F-16 A / B block 15 OCU Air Force.
Former aircraft-life can be extended through an upgrade program (capacity building). Program upgrades include enhanced capabilities including avionics, engines, airframes, and weaponry. So sophisticated combat aircraft could follow the latest technological developments. It's cheap for the quality of fighter that minimally or former fighter with the technology fee that is expired, can be tricked with a lot of quantity. The problem is that a lot quantity is not a guarantee of victory in battle
There are several Problem with Procurement of 24 Old F16 Jet Fighter
1. Structure Problem
F-16 is one of the advanced aircraft makes pilots easy to make mistakes. Some form of error resulted in reduced aircraft age. F-16 is planned to operate for 30 years, to 8000 flight hours, with an average of 250 flight hours per year.
In fact a lot of F-16 shows the structure of the problems began 3500 flight hours. For the U.S. did upgrade program structure to ensure that the F-16 can operate according to plan, that is 8000 hours. These programs include Falcon Star, which began in 2004 until 2014, fixing more than 2,000 F-16, including the 1200 F-16 and USAF OUTDATED
In fact a lot of F-16 shows the structure of the problems began 3500 flight hours. For the U.S. did upgrade program structure to ensure that the F-16 can operate according to plan, that is 8000 hours. These programs include Falcon Star, which began in 2004 until 2014, fixing more than 2,000 F-16, including the 1200 F-16 and USAF OUTDATED
2. Lifetime
With an average of 250 aircraft operations OUTDATED hours per year, it is estimated that the aircraft had been in operation for 6750 hours. The rest of the operational lifetime of 1250 hours, equivalent to a 5-year alias, meaning 2017 should already be in the parking aircraft, or as custom Air Force, the pilots, the best sons of the nation, forced risking lives with aircraft that are not worth taking.
The U.S. has a program to improve the life of the F-16. There is no indication on the purchase list above that the F-16 will be in ikutsertakan OUTDATED at age extension program.
The U.S. has a program to improve the life of the F-16. There is no indication on the purchase list above that the F-16 will be in ikutsertakan OUTDATED at age extension program.
3. Typical of Upgrade Program
There are 3 programsof upgraded F-16s :
MLU (RTAF done as an upgrade to the F-16 Block 15 OCU)
SCU (System Capabilities Upgrade)
CUPID (Combat Upgrade Plan Integration Details)
MLU upgrade program is much more comprehensive, and more expensive. It seems that the above-mentioned configuration is far from MLU. For example, MLU definitely use integrated modular computer system: Modular Mission Computer, with EUPDG, HSD and HUD display color width. With option called EEFCC or CFCC, do not mean MLU upgrade program. SCU program is too simple, just add some combat systems. Its is become a very big problem to Indonesian Pilot, if USAF just made SCU Program to 24 F16 Fighter.
MLU (RTAF done as an upgrade to the F-16 Block 15 OCU)
SCU (System Capabilities Upgrade)
CUPID (Combat Upgrade Plan Integration Details)
MLU upgrade program is much more comprehensive, and more expensive. It seems that the above-mentioned configuration is far from MLU. For example, MLU definitely use integrated modular computer system: Modular Mission Computer, with EUPDG, HSD and HUD display color width. With option called EEFCC or CFCC, do not mean MLU upgrade program. SCU program is too simple, just add some combat systems. Its is become a very big problem to Indonesian Pilot, if USAF just made SCU Program to 24 F16 Fighter.
Indonesia Buy " Garbage" 24 F16
Indonesia Buy " Garbage" Of 24 F16 Jetfighter
By David Raja Marpaung
November 11, 2011, America issued a Press Release on "grants" 24 units of F-16 Block 25 to Indonesia. In addition, Indonesia will receive an additional 4 units of F-16 Block 25 and two F-16 Block 15 to be used as spare parts. But only 24 units of the F-16 Block 25's are going to be in the upgrade to the Block 32 standard. Later in the upgrade process, Indonesia will bear the cost of approximately $ 750 million.
Indonesian original intention was to buy 6 units of F-16 block 52 new F-16 aircraft both sophisticated, the same as yours Singapore. Whether because Indonesia is only pity to buy a little, or because they do not want Indonesia to have sophisticated fighter Singapore ally, the U.S. made a counter-offer: Indonesia provided FREE, 24 F-16 block 25, \Then Indonesia ONLY NEED to pay the cost of upgrading the aircraft to F-16 block 32.
The procurement of 24 F-16 is interesting, because it began to change the direction of the purchase of defense equipment in Indonesia. Indonesia, which had left the U.S. for the purchase of defense equipment to embargoed trauma, started to depend to U.S. again.
Is it profitable?. Depending on which country is regarded as a potential threat by Indonesia. If Singapore and Malaysia and Australia, it may not be a lot of benefits even to say negative.
With an area which is 'only' area of Jakarta city, Singapore has recorded advanced class aircraft F-15 SG is already using the latest AESA radar. The number of aircraft the F-15 SG they are as many as 24 aircraft. This aircraft can be one of the best fighters in the world today and Act as Singapore First Class Fighter.
Singapore air force also have about 60 F-16 C / D Block 52 Fighter Jet as Second Class in the Singapore air force.
Singapore air force also have about 60 F-16 C / D Block 52 Fighter Jet as Second Class in the Singapore air force.
Today, there are 18 Sukhoi-30MKM aircraft in the Malaysian air force. Su-30MKM aircraft can be said to be twins but not identical Sukhoi-30MKI from those in India. Sukhoi-30MKM can be said is one of the best at this time. The aircraft is certainly better than most Indonesian Sukhoi aircraft, like the Su-27 and Su-30MK SK. In addition, the Malaysian air force is still in the crutch by the presence of 8 aircraft F-18 Hornet and 14 Mig-29 aircraft. This power is also still in the crutch by the presence of about 16 F-5 E / F and 13 Hwak-208 as a Third Class Fighter in Malaysia.
For Australia as a "Big" ally of the U.S., they will have a big laugh. Australia will be easy to map the weaknesses of the F-16 Indonesia with data from the U.S.. Worse yet Australia is ordering 72 fighter jet F-35 Lightning II. It may be that the F-16 it will not be considered a threat to Australia, because it is a matter on paper, can be neutralized.
Wednesday, March 19, 2014
Permasalahan Pluralisme di Indonesia
Permasalahan Pluralisme di Indonesia
Pada
kenyataannya, dewasa ini masih terdapat berbagai persoalan tentang pluralisme
di Indonesia yang meliputi:
·
Konflik
Etnis
Indonesia
telah mengalami serangkaian konflik etnis yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia
seperti; Konflik Poso (1998-2001), Konflik Ambon (1999-2002), Sampang, Madura,
dan Lampung Selatan pada tahun 2012 yang menyebabkan 14 orang korban tewas.
Dengan jumlah etnis yang mencapai hingga 300 etnis, Indonesia dihadapkan
persoalan pluralisme yang kompleks. Sehingga potensi terjadinya konflik antar
etnis cukup besar. Pasca reformasi, konflik Sampit juga memberikan catatan
buruk bagi kehidupan pluralisme di Indonesia. Tercatat konflik antara etnis dan
Dayak dan Madura tersebut, telah menyebabkan 469 orang meninggal dunia dan
108.000 orang mengungsi (Sabrina Asril,
2012)
·
Konflik
Agama
Konflik
agama yang terburuk pernah tercatat dalam sejarah Indonesia adalah Konflik
Poso. Dengan jumlah korban mencapai 8.000-9.000 orang meninggal dunia, kerugian
materi 29.000 rumah terbakar, 45 masjid, 47 gereja, 719 toko, 38 gedung
pemerintahan, dan 4 bank hancur. Konflik berlangsung hingga 4 tahun lamanya
(Sabrina Asril, 2012). Sebanyak 65 % kekerasan di dalam konflik intra negara di
Indonesia dilatar belakangi oleh agama, dan 10.000 orang tewas karena kategori
konflik agama.
·
Konflik
Sektarian
Persoalan
konflik sektarian juga menjadi masalah selanjutnya. Konflik Ahmadiyah di
Transito Mataram pada tahun 1999 telah menyebabkan 9 orang meninggal dunia, 8
orang luka-luka, 9 orang gangguan jiwa, 379 terusir. Konflik Ahmadiyah lain
yang terjadi di Cikeusik merupakan contoh lainnya yang dikenal dengan ‘Tragedi
Cikeusik’. Tragedi tersebut menewaskan 3 orang penganut Ahmadiyah. Selain
Ahmadiyah, konflik sektarian yang berlatar belakang agama juga terjadi di
Madura, yaitu Konflik Suni dan Syiah. Pada bulan Agustus 2012, tercatat adanya
peristiwa penyerangan terhadap pemukiman Syian di Desa Karanggayam, Sampang,
Madura. Konflik tersebut menyebabkan satu orang meninggal atas nama Hasyim
alias Hammamah, usia 36 tahun, warga Desa Karang Gayam, Kecamatan Omben. Dan
ada 282 orang pengungsi, termasuk didalamnya mereka yang dirawat, karena luka
berat maupun ringan
·
Radikalisme
Berdasarkan
data yang dimiliki Kementerian Dalam Negeri pada tahun 2012, kasus radikalisme
meningkat hampir 80 persen dari tahun sebelumnya. Hal itu disebabkan oleh
masalah ekonomi dan pemahaman demokrasi yang terlampau bebas. Pada tahun 2012,
telah terjadi 128 konflik di Indonesia akibat paham radikalisme. Pada tahun
2010, tercatat 93 konflik dan 2011 sebanyak 77 konflik. Radikalisme Agama
menjadi persoalan yang kompleks. Radikalisme Agama ialah istilah generik yang
bisa dipakai untuk menunjuk berbagai modus kekerasan agama baik di level
doktrin ideologis, maupun di level tindakan kekerasan, hingga terorisme.
Beberapa peristiwa radikalisme agama ini dapat ditemui pada kasus-kasus seperti
Bom di Masjid Cirebon, perekrutan NII, hingga konflik Front Pembela Islam
dengan Ahmadiyah di Monas. Di tahun 2012, Kemendagri mencatat terjadi 65 kali
ancaman teror, di mana 30 kali di antaranya terjadi ledakan bom, serta terjadi
penangkapan 55 orang tersangka teroris. Selain itu, aksi teror dalam beberapa
bulan terakhir juga terjadi seperti penembakan terhadap empat orang anggota
kepolisian di wilayah Ciputat dan Pondok Aren, Tangerang Selatan
·
Maraknya
Regulasi atau Perda Syariah
Perda
Syariah telah diberlakukan di 37 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Penerapan Perda
Syariah Islam di beberapa provinsi seperti NTB, Kalsel, Sulsel, Sumenep, Madura
dan Banten, menurut hasil penelitian menunjukkan politik ketimbang substansi
dari Perda Syariah itu sendiri. Hukum hakikatnya adalah produk politik,
sehingga karakter isi setiap produk sangat dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi politik
yang melahirkannya. Maraknya perda bernuansa syariah di sejumlah daerah
dipahami sebagai gejala dominannya kekuatan politik agama dalam konfigurasi
Islam pada parlemen lokal
·
Konflik
Sosial
Dari
tahun 2010 hingga September 2013, tercatat 351 peristiwa konflik. Baik konflik
yang bernuansa SARA, bentrokan warga dengan organisasi kemasyarakatan, aksi
kekerasan unjukrasa menolak kenaikan bahan bakar minyak, bentrokan antar massa
pendukung calon kepala daerah dan aksi massa terkait sengketa pertanahan. Dari
seluruh konflik sosial yang terjadi, tawuran sangat mendominasi, dengan
intensitas mencapai 30 persen. Sedangkan konflik sosial yang disebabkan pemilihan
kepala daerah mencapai 10 persen, dan konflik akibat suku agama dan ras
hanya 1 persen.
Dengan
maraknya persoalan-persoalan diatas, maka ada berbagai solusi yang dapat
dirumuskan untuk mengatasi persoalan-persoalan tersebut sebagai berikut:
·
Harus terbentuk suatu
Regulasi atau UU tentang Kerukunan Hidup Beragama
·
Menghindari Fundamentalisme keagamaan dan fundamentalisme sekuler
·
Mengembangkan etika sosial dalam kehidupan
publik-politik dengan memupuk rasa kemanusiaan dan persatuan, mengembangkan
hikmah permusyawaratan dan keadilan social
·
Memberi ruang bagi koeksistensi dengan kesetaraan hak
bagi pelbagai kelompok etnis, budaya, dan agama
·
Menunut setiap kelompok untuk memiliki komitmen kebangsaan dengan menjunjung
tinggi konsensus nasional seperti yang tertuang dalam Pancasila dan konstitusi
Negara.
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