Defense Analysis

The Ideology of ISIS in Indonesia

By David Raja Marpaung

Almost the majority of ISIS supporters in Indonesia are salafi jihadis, religious ideologies that have 5 basic principles in their religious beliefs, namely; first, jihad, is an integral and important component of the jihadi salafi movement that sees jihad as the culmination of Islam, which is the vehicle for this religion to survive and thrive. Jihad in the way of Allah (jihad fi sabilillah) is fardu 'ain (obligation of every individual) as other worship such as salat, pilgrimage, and fasting. Jihad itself is categorized into two: offensive and defensive. However, the implementation of offensive jihad requires the existence of certain authorities such as the khilafah in order to gain new territory, then seizing the territory to uphold the khilafah is a duty as it did in Marawi, Philippines.
Second, understand takfir or takfiri. In general understanding takfir is the process of declaring another Muslim or a Muslim group has come out of Islam because it is different from themselves. Takfir determines the position of the Muslim community and its members. Because the consequences of takfir are giving conceptualization who is not a believer or a kafir. For salafi this is important because takfir is seen as a mechanism to safeguard Islam. The mechanisms for expelling Muslims differ from them and protecting the Muslims who are with them. From this takfir concept appears takfiri which punishes the disbelievers of different people even though they are Moslems.
Third, al wala 'wal baro'. Wala 'here is close to the Muslims by loving them, helping and helping them over their enemies and residing with them. Whereas baro 'breaks a relationship or bond with the unbelievers, so no longer loves them, helps and helps them and does not live with them. The concept of al wala 'wal baro' can be used as an effort to protect the Muslim community - by showing loyalty, and giving legality to attack its enemies - by calling for denial and with violence against the enemy. This concept is essential for the salafi-jihadi movement in order to establish its black-and-white perspective, that is, the world is divided between loyalty and denial; truth and falsehood; faith and kafir.
Fourth, monotheism, which is the main concept in the salafi-jihadi movement. Tawheed for salafi consists of three parts: tauhid rububiyyah (Allah's rububiyyah is the confiscation of Allah in three things, that is His creation, His power, and His arrangement) So when one believes that besides Allah there is one who has ability to do as above , means that the person has tyrannized himself and partnered with him other than Him). Tawheed uluhiyyah (is to emphasize all forms of worship for Allah, such as praying, asking, trusting, fearing, hoping, slaughtering, vowing, love, and apart from the kinds of worship that Allah and Allah's Messenger) have taught. And the last is tauhid asthma 'wa trait (is a part of munising or insulting God in the creed of Islam.Thid this is a form of impersonation of creatures against God concerning His names and attributes which are names and these attributes have been attributed to Himself). Salafi jihadi states that fighting is the only way to realize monotheism, especially its practical component of tauhid uluhiyyah.
Fifth, hakimiyyah. This concept states that the sovereignty of the political system and the rule of life in the state is only Allah's. The enforcement of God's sovereignty in the political system will not only secure God's right, but will also provide temporal empowerment as it is the stage in which the messages of the Prophet Muhammad are transformed and transmitted on a larger scale than the previous stage.
Seeing the problems above, ISIS's network and ideology still exists and is rooted in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts should be made to break the network link and also their understanding of jihad.